25 Charge-Mass-Energy Unification Equation

25 Charge-Mass-Energy Unification Equation

Bosley Zhang

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2026/04/14

1 mins read

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Total energy of a single charged particle:

E = γmc² + e²/k_e

γmc²: Relativistic total mass-energy, which equals the rest energy mc² plus the relativistic kinetic energy (γ−1)mc².

e²/k_e: The intrinsic spacetime topological stored energy associated with the charge (independent of mass and not included in the mass-energy).

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Published: 2026/04/14 - Updated: 2026/06/04

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