28 热力学第二定律
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Published: 2026/04/15 - Updated: 2026/04/15
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1. 热力学第二定律
热量只能自发地从高温物体流向低温物体，不能自发地从低温流向高温。
2. 空调原理
冬季时，空调将室外低温环境中的热量通过压缩机做功提升至高温能级，使热量能够从高温端自发流向低温的室内，实现取暖效果；夏季则相反，将室内热量压缩升温后排向室外。
这一过程完全遵守热力学第二定律：热量不能自发从低温物体传递到高温物体，但通过外界输入机械功，可以强制实现反向传热。