Natural Elimination of Ultraviolet Divergence: Based on Frequency-Difference Transition Amplitudes and Discrete Mode Spectra Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract Ultraviolet divergence in quantum field theory is a long-standing problem...
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Gravity Cannot Be Quantized
— Geometric Mismatch Between the Continuous Base Manifold and the Discrete Fiber Bundle
Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang, Henan Abstract
Historical attempts to rewrite gravity as a gaug...
On the Threefold Spacetime Forms Corresponding to Velocity Tiers: Flat, Mapping Distortion, and Spacetime Folding
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
I. Introduction
Humanity's cognition of spacetime geometry has always been constrained ...
Electromagnetic Energy Levels and Particle Indistinguishability: A Hierarchical Revision of the "One-Electron Universe" Hypothesis
Abstract
Traditional quantum electrodynamics treats identical particle...
On the Intrinsic Mathematical Mechanism of the Common Origin of Space and Time and the Co-Directionality of Length Contraction and Time Dilation
Classical relativity merely provides the calcul...
The Physical Unreality and Theoretical Limitations of the Pure Free-Field Zero-Point Fluctuation Model Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract Within the framework of quantum field theory, the pure uncoupled free field is an idealized mod...
Why Classical Probability Appears Static Author: Zhang Suhang Probability theory first grew out of gambling problems, devised to calculate winning odds in wagers. I. It took shape at the gaming table In the seventeenth cen...
FCFG-N: Extension of Fractal-Continued-Fraction Geometry to Network Sciences Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Within the framework of Fractal-Continued-Fraction Geometry (FCFG), this paper extends the isomorphism relation be...
Geometric Interpretation of Gravitational Effects at Quantum Scales Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract Recent experiments using the Quantum Galileo Interferometer have confirmed that the equivalence principle ...
General Relativity and Celestial Rotation
Author: Suhang Zhang, Luoyang, Henan
General relativity describes gravity through spacetime curvature, and its core equations—the Einstein field equations and the geodesic equation...
A Reinterpretation of Kepler’s "Faster at Perihelion, Slower at Aphelion" PhenomenonAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of MathematicsAbstractA well-established observational law of planetary revolution around the Sun indicates that planets mov...
FCFG-A: An Arithmetic Extension of Fractal-Continued-Fraction Geometry Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang, Henan)
Within the framework of Fractal-Continued-Fraction Geometry (FCFG), this paper elevates finite continued fractions from ...
Structural Conservation and Fractal Geometry
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics
Since Mandelbrot proposed it, fractal geometry has become an important mathematical tool for describing complex structures in nature...
Structural Conservation and Hierarchical Differentiation: The Unified Origin of the Four Fundamental Interactions Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract The hierarchical mismatch between gauge fields and gravity has been rigorously demonstrated in a sep...
Hierarchical Evolution Laws of Mass-Energy Conversion: A Study of Frequency-Temperature Characterization in Annihilation and Photon Pair Production Processes
Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang, Henan
Traditional relativistic physics re...
Light Cone: The Singularity from Lower Dimensions to Higher Dimensions? Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract The light cone is one of the most fundamental and least questioned structures in contemporary physics. It is by default define...
Curvature of a Field Corresponds to Field Strength Author: Zhang Suhang(Luoyang School of Mathematics) Abstract Yang Zhenning and Wu Ta-You pointed out in 1975 that the gauge potential corresponds to the connection of a fiber bundle, and the ga...
Mathematical Intuition versus Physical Intuition
The difference between mathematical intuition and physical intuition lies in this: mathematicians sometimes fail to grasp the physical reality behind mat...
The Rise and Fall of the Setun Balanced Ternary Computer and Its Theoretical Advantages
Author: Zhang Suhang
(Luoyang, Henan)
In 1958, Moscow State University in the Soviet Union developed the Setun balanced tern...
Structural Conservation: A Bridge Connecting Geometric Symmetry and Physical Conservation Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract Noether’s theorem stands as one of the greatest theorems in twentieth-century theoretical physics. It reveals the p...
Distribution of the Four Fundamental Forces in the Fiber‑Bundle ModelAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, HenanAbstractBased on the established correspondence between gauge fields and fiber‑bundle theory, this paper presents a hierarchical classificatio...
The Hierarchical Structure of Invariance — Taking Graphite and Diamond as an Example
Change and invariance are fundamental propositions in both the natural sciences and philosophy. Taking the ...
FCFG-D: A Dynamical Extension of Fractal-Continued-Fraction Geometry
Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang, Henan)
Within the FCFG framework, this paper unifies finite continued fractions, finite self-similar fractals, and the recursi...
Proof of the Twin Prime Conjecture within the DOG/MOC/ECS/MIE Framework
--- Abstract
The twin prime conjecture is a century‑old core problem in analytic number theory. Its weak version, proved by Zhang Yitang, establ...
Doubts about the Geometric Model of Relativity
By Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
General relativity attributes gravity to spacetime curvature and uses curvature to describe the geometric deformation of spacetime. This model can effectiv...
The Hierarchical Laws of Energy, Mass, Charge, and Color Charge
Energy differs not only in form; it also has hierarchical differences. Different levels correspond to different degrees of order and organization...
The Physical Significance of the Unification of Curvature and Angular Momentum: Explaining Celestial Motion and Cosmic Evolution Based on General Relativity
I. Core Theoretical Foundation ...
--- The Dependence of Electric Charge and Color Charge
Neither electric charge nor color charge can exist alone as an independent entity; they can only manifest by relying on structured forms of energy.
Fr...
UPG and the Connection to ∞-Toposes: Construction of Weighted ∞-Toposes (UPGT) Author: Suhang ZhangAffiliation: Luoyang, Henan --- Abstract This paper establishes a connection between the Probability–Geometry Unified Framework (UPG) and Lurie'...
A Spacetime Model with Macroscopic Torsion Twist: A Two-Component Geometric Conjecture of Revolution and Rotation
General relativity describes gravity by spacetime curvature and can effectively explain orbital...